Nonviral cationic polymers like chitosan can be combined with DNA to protect it from degradation. The chitosan is a\r\nbiocompatible, biodegradable, nontoxic, and cheap polycationic polymer with low immunogenicity. The objective of this study was\r\nto synthesize and then assess different chitosan-DNA nanoparticles and to select the best ones for selective in vitro transfection in\r\nhuman epidermoid carcinoma (KB) cell lines. It revealed that different combinations of molecular weight, the presence or absence\r\nof folic acid ligand, and different plasmid DNA sizes can lead to nanoparticles with various diameters and diverse transfection\r\nefficiencies. The intracellular trafficking, nuclear uptake, and localization are also studied by confocal microscopy, which confirmed\r\nthat DNA was delivered to cell nuclei to be expressed.
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